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Roystonea palaea
''Roystonea palaea'' is an extinct species of palm known from fossil flowers found in the early Miocene Burdigalian stage Dominican amber deposits on the island of Hispaniola. The species is known from a single staminate flower and a single pistillate flower both preserved in the same piece of amber.〔 The amber specimen bearing the holotype and paratype is currently deposited in the collections of the Oregon State University in Corvallis, Oregon, as number "Sd–9–101", where it was studied and described by Dr George Poinar.〔 Dr Poinar published his 2002 type description for ''R. palaea'' in the ''Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society'', Volume 139.〔 The species' second name is taken from the Greek word ''palaios'' meaning "ancient".〔 The amber specimen bearing the flowers was excavated from the La Toca mine northeast of Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic. 〔
''R. palaea'' has been placed in the Arecoideae genus ''Roystonea'', which has ten modern genera native to the islands of the Caribbean, and to Florida, Central and South America.〔 Many of the characters used to separate modern species of ''Roystonea'', including coloration, are not visible in the preserved flowers.〔 The fossil flowers have darkened to shades of brown, with only the anthers retaining a light whitish color.〔 Of the modern genera the ''R. palaea'' flowers are similar in structure, ''R. oleracea'' and ''R. dunlapiana'' both having a similar petal to sepal length ratio.〔 ''R. palaea'' is most distinguishable from modern species by the large size of the calyx. The three species differ in the shape and length of their sepals, ''R. palaea'' having the longest of the species while ''R. dunlapiana'' has the shortest.〔 ''R. oleracea'' also possesses longer anthers at which are recurved at the tips, unlike ''R. palaea'', with anthers and straight. Along with the shorter sepal length ''R. dunlapiana'' also has purple anthers, differing from the light-colored anthers of ''R. palaea''.〔
Of note is the damage which is present on the pistillate flower. One side of the flower is preserved, having the peranth ripped off exposing the center of the flower and the developing fruit, which has two scratches on the exposed side.〔 Dr Poinar proposes that the damages may have occurred due to an herbivore seizing the flower and subsequently dropping it in the soft tree resin, which afterward fossilized. This is supported by many of the modern ''Roystonea'' species having oily fruits that are eaten by a number of bird and bat species.〔
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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